Employment by selected characteristics

A look at selected characteristics of the workforce reveals differentiated developments in terms of gender, employment status, education, nationality, and age.

The following developments in the employment structure are noticeable in 2025 (as of June 30):

• The proportion of female employees (46.1%) is stagnating.
• The proportion of employees with an academic degree (22.4%) is significantly higher than the German average and continues to rise.
• The proportion of foreign employees is steadily increasing and currently stands at 16.3 percent.
• The proportion of full-time employees subject to social insurance contributions is declining, while the proportion of part-time employees is rising slightly.
• The proportion of employees subject to social insurance contributions aged 55 and over is rising to 24.9 percent, which is slightly higher than the national average.
• Increasingly, employees subject to social insurance contributions are taking on low-paid side jobs (9.4%).

Last updated: 01/2026